The Necessity of Race Legislation in Britain in the Years...

The Necessity of Race Legislation in Britain in the Years 1962 - 1990 Britain is a nation of immigrants, which had arrived as early as prehistoric times. However the most recent influx of immigrants arrived after the Second World War. These newcomers came mainly from the Commonwealth with the majority of them coming from the West Indies and the Indian sub continent. At this time, before the Race Legislation was introduced all these people had right of entry which meant they were all free to enter the United Kingdom. This was given to them in the 1948 British Nationality Act and it was an important feature of Britain, as it showed the commonwealth was a multiracial and multicultural institution†¦show more content†¦The British government began to think that legislation was necessary as opinions about the immigrants began to change. A variety of complaints were made against the newcomers. Some said they were too lazy to work, and merely lived off the state making no contribution and placing undue demands on the British health service. Mp Cyri l Osborne said that immigrants were attracted to Britain by the honey-pot of the welfare state. It was said that the immigrants were far from lazy and were in fact taking all the jobs in the country, working more hours for less pay and there for cutting wage levels and depressing the standard of living for all. Legislation was now necessary as social tensions were running high. This had been seen in a number of incidents, especially in riots that had taken place during 1958 in Nottingham and Notting Hill, where Teddy Boys went on the rampage against West Indians attempting to burn their homes. Furthermore, on 16th May 1959 a carpenter from Antigua was stabbed to death walking home from work. In contrast to this some people believed social tensions to be at a normal level and that the right way to deal with the occasional outbursts of violence was not to punish the majority, but instead punishShow MoreRelated Neocolonialism in Jamaica Essay6862 Words   |  28 PagesThe history of Jamaica is crucial to understanding the country’s current situation. Many of the problems today are results of neocolonial forces. The roots of such concerns can be found within the country’s long legacy of colonialism extending 300 years in length before reaching independence. â€Å"Jamaica was the meeting place of two expropriate populations: the Britisher uprooting himself in search of quick wealth through sugar; and the African uprooted by force from his environment to supply slaveRead MoreService Marketing-Pizza Hut13362 Words   |  54 Pages[Year] IBS Administrator [PIZZA HUT: AN ANALYSIS OF SERVICES] Submitted to: Prof. K.C. Prakash Submitted By: Pallavi (07BS2758) â€Æ' Table of Contents Company Profile †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.02 Industry profile†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 Major competitors profile†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦13 Literature review†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.20 Marketing Mix Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..23 Marketing Mix Of Competitors†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesto be a very coherent unit. The beginnings and ends of what we choose to call centuries are almost invariably years of little significance. But there is little agreement over when the twentieth century c.e. arrived, and there were several points both before the year 2000 (the collapse of the Soviet Union, the reunification of Germany, the surge of globalization from the mid-1990s) and afterward (9/11, or the global recession of 2008) when one could quite plausibly argue that a new era hadRead MoreSheikh Zayed9912 Words   |  40 Pagesgovernment since 1946, when he became the Representative of the Ruler of Abu Dhabi in the Eastern Region of the emirate, and, upon becoming Ruler in 1966, he took the initiatives that led to the formation of the seven-member UAE Federation ï ¬ ve years later. For the citizens of the Emirates, the vast majority of whom were too young to recall any other leader, he was not merely a President and Ruler, but he was also like a father. His passing prompted, as was to be expected, an outpouring of griefRead MoreNotes18856 Words   |  76 Pagescolonies and their e  ­ conomic policies and practices, and concludes with some assessment of the effect of all these factors on the political and economic evolution of African countries. The two largest colonial powers in Africa were France and Britain, both of which controlled two-thirds of Africa before World War I and more than 70 percent after the war (see Table 4.1). The period from the  ­ id-1800s to the early 1900s marked the zenith of imperial rule m in Africa. The formalization of colonialRead MoreOrganizational Behaviour Analysis28615 Words   |  115 PagesAgents Culture was identified in the 1980s as an important feature of organisations, and a developed theme was the attempt to ‘manage’ culture as an aspect of management prerogative. This is best known through the work of those that Thompson McHugh (1990) called ‘the culture merchants’ such as Tom Peters and Rosabeth Moss Kanter. Although the work of these so-called ‘gurus’ will not be examined directly, their continuing influence will be addressed critically through consideration of this and the otherRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 Pagesfoundation gained from research and practice over the past decades. At the same time, we have fully incorporated important new and emerging developments that have changed what international managers are currently facing and likely to face in the coming years. Of special importance is that students of international management understand what will be expected of them from the range of stakehold ers with whom they interact and the ways in which technology and social media change the nature of global connectionsRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesCompensation and Benefits 42 Employee Relations 42 vi Contents Top Management Commitment 43 Effective Upward Communication 43 Determining What to Communicate 44 Allowing for Feedback 44 Information Sources 44 The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 62 The Civil Rights Act of 1991 63 The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 63 Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act of 1994 64 Relevant Executive Orders 64 vii WORKPLACE ISSUES: HRM Certification 44 Is a Career in HRM forRead MoreMerger and Acquisition: Current Issues115629 Words   |  463 Pages0-230-55379-6 (alk. paper) 1. Consolidation and merger of corporations. I. Gregoriou, Greg N., 1956– II. Neuhauser, Karyn L. HD2746. 5. M4365 2007 338.8’3—dc22 2007021799 10 16 9 15 8 14 7 13 6 12 5 11 4 10 3 09 2 08 1 07 Printed and bound in Great Britain by Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham and Eastbourne To my mother Evangelia and in loving memory of my father Nicholas (GNG) To my mother, Helen Lieck, and in remembrance of my father, Arthur Louis Lieck, who together taught me what was important inRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagesobjectives 18.2 Introduction 18.3 Controls 18.4 Taking corrective action 18.5 Management reports 18.6 Summary Bibliography Index Preface In writing the first edition of this book in the early 1990s, we were motivated by a concern to help improve the effectiveness of marketing practice. Twelve years and two editions later, our purpose is unchanged. In doing this, we have sought to address a number of key questions that logically follow each other in the context of strategic marketing management:

Importance of Education Free Essays

Cause and Effect Essay The importance of education is higher than it was twenty years ago. Jobs that didn’t need a college education requirement in the past now do. For example, civil service jobs, Police Officers, Mechanics, and Firefighters, all require some degree of college to get into the field of choice. We will write a custom essay sample on Importance of Education or any similar topic only for you Order Now The importance of education is getting greater, but the motivation of students is not. In other words, students are spending more time playing rather than worrying about what’s important, which should be their education. How are students supposed to make any kind of real money if they get bad test scores? That kind of influence has forced students to turn to cheating. These students will assume that cheating is the best option; but is it really? Students think that the benefit of cheating will outweigh the risk. In the heat of the moment, these students are not thinking logically. These students think they have to do well on tests and that cheating is the best way to do it. These risky students are not thinking about the consequences if they get caught. In addition, these students are not thinking of the fact that they should be studying instead of playing video games all night. For example, a friend cheated all the time on tests. What he didn’t know was the teacher knew all along. At the end of the semester, the teacher showed him a list of zeros and said, â€Å"Next time, STUDY! † The students of today’s society are expected to be more productive with their time because of higher educational demands. That doesn’t mean wasting time by staying up all night playing video games or partying or doing other things that do not include studying. They would rather do nothing, cheat and risk getting caught! Another key point is that there are students that take cheating to the next level. In other words, some students are so desperate they are willing to steal test answers. Also, some students will go as far as hiring someone else to take the test for them. What these students fail to realize is that stealing test answers or hiring someone to take the test for them is a felony. For example, there was a segment on the television about a seventeen year old boy being hired to take the SAT’s for other students. Apparently, the boy got caught, and is now under house arrest. In addition, he has to do years of community service. On top of that, he has a record so it will be difficult for him to get into a good college or, ultimately, get a decent paying job. This shows how far cheating can go and that sometimes it may ruin one’s future which could even affect and ruin more than just one person’s life. The importance of education and the curriculum demands have gotten higher over the upcoming years. Unfortunately, this has caused students to turn to cheating. In the end, cheating has caused students to lower their standards of themselves. These students are risking everything by cheating. How to cite Importance of Education, Papers Importance Of Education Free Essays In todays society, young people are consistently told that the key to a successful future is receiving post-secondary education. Many teenagers find themselves wondering, â€Å"what is the importance of school? † With the recent success of entrepreneurs and businessmen who lack university/college diplomas, many students begin wondering what is the real importance of post-secondary education. To the dismay of many young people, school is one of the most important parts on the road to success for individuals. We will write a custom essay sample on Importance Of Education or any similar topic only for you Order Now By attending post-secondary schools, individuals have a higher chance of finding a Job; higher paying salary, and more prepared and eady to make sensible choices. Forbes magazine posted the ten highest and lowest income Jobs for 2012, the highest being anesthesiologists at $232,830, and the lowest being fast food cooks at $18,720. It can not be a coincidence that all of the ten highest-paying Jobs require at least seven years of post-secondary education while the ten worst paying Jobs have no post-secondary education required. It is no coincidence at all, as the higher paying Jobs require individuals to possess a lot more knowledge in their field. For example, anesthesiologists are required to monitor individuals before, during, and fter surgical procedures by monitoring patients’ vital organs to ensure that no complications arise. This requires over sixteen years of post-secondary education to have attained this knowledge. In comparison, a typical fry-cook will not be required to possess sixteen years of knowledge in order to know the toppings on a burger or the cook time of french fries. Also, not only does education aid in Jobs within a particular field, education in general will earn people more money. Individuals who possess a master’s degree will earn 1. 3 million dollars over their lifetime earnings than if they ad only acquired a high school diploma. â€Å"At most ages, more education equates with higher earnings, and the payoff is most notable at the highest educational levels,† said Jennifer Cheeseman Day, author of The Big Payoff: Educational Attainment and Synthetic Estimates of Work-Life Earnings. Possessing a post-secondary degree will not only earn individuals more money, education will also increases the chances of finding a Job. In 2011 researchers for the U. S. department of labor compared the unemployment rate versus the amount of education that individuals have received. The trend was blatantly obvious; the more education individuals have, the less likely that they are to become unemployed. This is shown with the 9. 4% unemployment rate for high school graduates in comparison of the 2. 5% rate for those with doctoral degrees. Also, not only does more education decrease individuals’ unemployment rate it will also increase the re-employment rate. A study by the University of British Columbia states that â€Å"the chances of â€Å"re- employment† (finding work after a period of unemployment) rise by 27 percentage points if you’ve finished high school. As well as increase by two to three percentage points for every additional year of education after high school. Employers for corporate companies, or even the local fast-food restaurant will typically prefer having a university/college graduate to a high school graduate. The main reason for this being that most employers believe that the more educated individual will not require as much training or practice to be ready tor the Job. Also, employers also believe that since graduates could work hard, and persevere through university, then that individual could work Just as hard on the Job. While multiple individuals may be equally qualified for a given Job, the individuals with the greater education will look instantly more qualified to employers. Furthermore, a post-secondary degree provides more career options and opportunities. With a degree an individual has the choice on what Job that individual could do. However, without a post-secondary degree, individuals only have a few choices for their career path. Not only does university increase the financial earnings, and Job security of individuals, university aids in maturing young people and preparing young people for eal world adult responsibilities. Generally, eighteen year olds are not fully ready to be immediately making mature life decisions. However, studies have shown that those who have attended some form of post-secondary education are more civil- minded, confident, and higher self-esteem. The reason being that college or university graduates have had at least two years of independence, where students have to responsible for their grades as well as attending classes. High school graduates do not have access to this type of environment, where young people learn rom experience how to manage their time effectively, where they can afford to make some mistakes. High school graduates have to learn from their mistakes in the real world, where mistakes can be more costly. Post-secondary graduates fin that they can already carry out difficult tasks and be responsible, boosting their confidence as well as their self worth. While high school graduates can earn more money from the get- go by working right away, those who graduate from university will be more prepared to take on the world and begin a successful life. School has one of the most important roles on the road to success for individuals. By completing post-secondary education people are able to earn a higher salary, have more accessibility to different Jobs, as well as being more mature people in general. These aspects of an individual’s life are what many deem to be â€Å"successful†. How to cite Importance Of Education, Papers Importance of education Free Essays The importance of college education has a direct and profound impact on the world but more importantly on me. As Nelson Mandela stated â€Å"Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world. † By gaining knowledge through college education I am ensuring a better future for myself and in turn I am ensuring a better future for those around me thus changing the world one small step at a it me. We will write a custom essay sample on Importance of education or any similar topic only for you Order Now College education provides tools, knowledge and preparation necessary to compete in today’s tough job markets. As a current fourth year medical student, I am supplementing my deiced education with an associates degree in health administration so that I can gain an advantage and also to prepare myself for future leadership roles within the medical profession. Medical field is a field in which constant advances and progresses are made and to stay current and to progress with the times, one must constantly further himself through education. An article in the Heritage Foundation suggest that the base foundation of the U. S. Healthcare is the ability to provide the best healthcare. Having said this, we must understand that having the best healthcare means training our medical refashions and investing into new technologies and education so that they are able to provide the best healthcare. The article suggests that there is a shortfall in followed education that is provided to medical professionals in their quest for professional excellence. To me, this places and emphasis on the importance of college education and continuing education so that we can continue to strive to be the best not just in the field of healthcare but also in other fields. In a recent article in Forbes Magazine comparing college versus high school education, we can clearly see that earning a college degree doesn’t only give you a competitive advantage and a solid base for the future but it also gives you an additional $830,000 during your lifetime according to Forbes. This should also be a major inspiration for wanting to obtain a college diploma. Financial future and stability of my family directly correlates to the amount of education I have received though my lifetime. Although our economy has turned a new leaf and is on a recent upswing, we are still reeling from the economic collapse of the late sass’s. According to Bellevue university research, those with little to no higher education are finding the most difficult to find jobs and secure their family futures. The study confirms that more and more people are looking for â€Å"recession proof’ jobs that are mostly attainable through college education rather than trades. In today’s society finding a job is much harder because of all the competition, people with similar qualifications vying and competing for the same jobs. What will set me apart? College can give me the training I need to get ahead and Stay head of my competition. Social development is a very important aspect of college education. Higher education is generally lauded for developing academic knowledge in their students, its leaders are routinely criticized for not adequately preparing students for the types of roles and leaders that organizations need (Jaeger, 2003; Tucker, Osaka, Barron, Mccarthy, 2000; Coleman, 1 995; 1998; Williams Sternberg, 1988). Our future leaders, although highly educated, lack social ability to to present themselves as leaders and to serve as leaders. One of the reasons I chose the degree program at Seaworthy university is just that, social development as well as educational, that is scholastic. Through the discussion boards, chats, and other interactive socially interactive media; I will not only be able to learn from students that are in my immediate vicinity but I will gain a broader perspective that an online university gives. This perspective is global and invaluable to those who seek to not only further their textbook knowledge, but would also like to share experiences with efferent cultures and races to gain a better social understanding and the impact education has globally. There are ample reasons for a college education and I have only listed a few Of the ones dearest to me above. In the ever changing world, it has become more important now than ever before to obtain a college education. Its not just the economic reasons that push us to learn further and achieve greater, as I have mentioned above, it is also a great social development outlet that sometimes we don’t use as much as we should. How to cite Importance of education, Papers

Excellence Management For Organizational -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Excellence Management For Organizational? Answer: Introducation Starbucks has become the coffee capital of the whole world. They have become a brand over the years after going to public. The main criteria that they have maintained over the years is to build a good relationship with all of their stakeholders(Dane and Sonenshein 2015) Being socially responsible has always been the motto of their company. Starbucks buys coffee from different parts of the world (ProfTabOkWU, 2010). For example,Asian pacific region, central America and Arabian countries. They also feel responsible to the farmers they buy coffee from. Therefore, I think they maintain ethics in sourcing the coffees from different sources. They also maintain ethical approach while dealing with the government of different countries(Dane and Sonenshein 2015) As the coffee industry is going through a crisis by over production, they are trying to save farmers who have higher productions. Starbucks also takes care of the community they belong in different country by providing education and en vironment development programs for the nonprofit organization. It is not just a Public relation stunts, their ethical sourcing also includes global alleviation of farmers economic situation (Watts et al. 2017). They also help in fair price trade of the farmers. Environment friendliness is also part of their corporate social responsibility strategy. The initiation to build a farmer support center shows their commitment to the farmers of Costa Rica. The profit from the premium price of their coffee boils down to their farmers so that they can keep the firm business running. They aim to demonstrate that that their core value includes profitability as well as social responsibility of the company (Watts et al. 2017). It has also build this brand based on the social image of the company. Starbucks CEO Howard Schultz on Social Responsibility Howard Schultz, the CEO of Starbucks highlights the value they always relied upon while doing the business. Not just making profits, but giving something back to the community has always been the motive of the company (genConnect, 2013). After going public in 1992, they also have taken care of the shareholders and equity holders (genConnect, 2013). Taking care of all the direct and indirect stakeholders of the company has driven them to initiate new programs and supporting facilities in the company(Ferrell and Fraedrich 2015). The employers always seem happy and taking care of them was also main characteristics of Starbucks. As told by the CEO, the budget deficit of American states is staggeringly low therefore, it must be considered by business people in the country and they must come forward to help the community to improve. They have also faced challenges in building this reputation in the community as well as seek social reputation. The shareholders are also happy with the public relation they maintain. The only way you can create value for your shareholders is to create value for your people, this is also a main mantra they have abide by over the years (genConnect, 2013). According to the CEO, the social services should be recognized by people and thus must lead to improvement, it also achieves the target of the reaching desired goal of increasing bottom line. Collective achievement plan is what they focus on while helping the people in the company to develop their career and economic health. Their commitment to employment opportunities is effective for growing for ambitious people. Thus it also helps in creating value addition for the shareholders. Their social value considers ethical sourcing, environment friendliness and building value for all stakeholders in the company(Dane and Sonenshein 2015)Corporate social responsibility of Starbucks incudes sustainability and regulatory compliance in operating different country. Thus it is one of the most importa nt thingin social compliance (Watts et al. 2017). The statutory requirement goes beyond the social responsiveness of the corporates. The ethical consideration is one of the most important part of CSR policies. Issues in financial and accounting fraud The financial aspect of business is one of the most critical part of business. There have been cases where this aspect of business has faced rather ethical confusions. This matter has destroyed different giant corporation like Enron and Arthur Anderson. It is not that this people wanted to commit this fraud while remaining in the system, but there was some situation that contributed to this fraudulent. The financial situation of the people is one of the main feature that has contributed to this situation(Ferrell and Fraedrich 2015). The pressure, opportunity is the beginning of this frauds in the company. The unethical approaches only come when the company are not able to make proper profits and the people there are pressurized generate profits. The main criteria of the e=public companies to generate proper revenue based on the analysts prediction. Thus the companies find itself in unfavorable situations. If the companies perform less than that is expected, then they lose shareholder s base in the company (Drumwright et al. 2015). According to the speaker, the main reason for the company to fall in this unethical pattern, is that there focus into the short term profit as well as the reflecting in the analysts expected results. Thus it can be said that the people in the corporation must be guided by the CFO, who can develop ethical standards in the company. The employer should keep those in mind. A long term view of things also must be considered in the company. Keeping the volatility of the market in mind, the main goals and values of abiding by the ethics should be kept in mind (Drumwright et al. 2015). According to my view in the subject, alleviation of the fraud free culture in the organization is needed for companies. The regardless character of the company should also be promoted. A regardless character is a no go from the time of hiring. The financial prospect also lies in the hand chief financial officer. Doing the right thing, but being smart about it is a key thing that should be main motive (Markkula Center for Applied Ethics at Santa Clara University, 2014). Overall, ethics should be maintained in all operations, that includes the financial functions of the company. The main criteria of maintaining high ethics and high integrity is one of the most important factor that should be incorporated in the companys hierarchical level (Drumwright et al. 2015). That will boil down to other mid and junior level of the company. The responsibility to put the proper standards of ethics should be written. This will be communicated to the employees during the time of induction. Government legislations cannot be only thing to depend on. The Bribery Aisle: How Wal-Mart Used Payoffs to Bribe Its Way Through Expansion inMexico Wal-Mart has become the giant retailer in the supermarket industry. Their presence has become most important part in the world of trade. They are also accused of major bribery scandal, which they have denied. A sacred place of Mexico was destroyed in order to build the supermarket, which now only dominates the people in the market. The expose on the article of Wal-Mart Mexico is one of the most important foreign subsidiary of its parent company of Wal-Mart (Democracy Now, 2012). Whenever a company wants to expand, it should be taken into consideration of the religion, and ethical attitudes of that place, which Wal-Mart ignored in Mexico. Moreover, they committed a crime while bribing the then Mayor of Mexico. Though it can be passed as facilitating payments, nonetheless it is a crime. The code of conduct in business prohibits this practice in US as well as Mexico(Goetschand Davis 2014). This infiltration of ethical approaches has been committed by the particular lawyer in the company . When the investigation started, reasonable evidences were there, that the bribery has been done in initiating the project in the city. As a large corporation the, Wal-Mart though started an investigation, they handed the case to a general council of Mexico. This is where another unethical part committed by Wal-Mart begins. As the councilor was one of the prime suspect of the investigation done by US veteran (Democracy Now, 2012). Wal-Marts focus on this community was very important as Mexico became a foreign hub for Wal-Mart. In many countries bribery is considered to bring economic efficiency. Though there are many perspectives that can be discussed in Wal-Marts Bribery case, as the increase in employment in Mexico (Democracy Now, 2012). The main focus of this is the zoning community wanted to keep the alpha alpha ground of the pyramid undisturbed. The emotion associated of this Mexican community should have been taken into consideration. This unethical approach also ruined this giant corporations identity as well(Ferrell and Fraedrich 2015). Moreover, the loss of heritage of the community were also avoided, in Wal-Marts aggressive approach to build a supermarket. The corruption policy of Mexico was also a dilemma. The bribery case only happened because the code of conduct and ethics are not in practice in Wal-Mart. This leads to fall of different giant corporations fall. The short term profit gain motive led people to do such things, which should be avoided by strong hold of corporate governance (Drumwright2015). The Rise and Fall of Arthur Andersen Arthur Anderson was an accounting firm of Chicago, which became a brand in the industry. They also started doing business with integrity. Such values and ethics were integral part of Arthur Anderson. They were in business with different firms handling their accounting and financial aspects and earned a name among the big five accounting firm all over the world. In the late 1980s they expand their business in the consulting firm (Nick Lodato, 2012). This division wanted to separate themselves as a result the employees were pressurized to make huge profits for the firm. Thus they got involved in unethical approaches and started to making fraudulent accounts, false report and book keeping accounts. The main weakness of the company was in its strategic decision making to expand without having proper backup. It also got involved with the corporate giants who failed to abide by proper code of conduct. Accounting irregularities and fraudulent details of the company were accepted in abundant (Goetsch and Davis 2014). The previous corporate culture of the company was transparent, which made it possible for the company to be part of the Big Five firms. The main reason of the downfall of Arthur Anderson started when they started accounting fraud for Enron and Sunbeam. This two company was also a part of the downfall of the company. The corporate culture was infiltrated to the level of companys policies. In this case, short term gain and aggressive expansion strategy were one of the most important factor that should have been avoided (Drumwright et al. 2015). Conclusion From the above analysis can be concluded that five different articles has been discussed such as Starbucks CRS, Starbuck CEO Howard Schultz on Social Responsibility, Issues in financial and accounting fraud and The Bribery Aisle and The rise and fall of Arthur Anderson. The topic has been chosen as it is one of the crucial situation and issues faced in the business and the company has to take care of such problems. References Carroll, A. and Buchholtz, A., 2014.Business and society: Ethics, sustainability, and stakeholder management. Nelson Education. Dane, E. and Sonenshein, S., 2015. On the role of experience in ethical decision making at work: An ethical expertise perspective.Organizational Psychology Review,5(1), pp.74-96. Drumwright, M., Prentice, R. and Biasucci, C., 2015. Behavioral ethics and teaching ethical decision making.Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education,13(3), pp.431-458. Ferrell, O.C. and Fraedrich, J., 2015.Business ethics: Ethical decision making cases. Nelson Education. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014.Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Hartman, L.P., DesJardins, J.R. and MacDonald, C., 2014.Business ethics: Decision making for personal integrity and social responsibility. New York: McGraw-Hill. Hoyt, C.L. and Price, T.L., 2015. Ethical decision making and leadership: Merging social role and self-construal perspectives.Journal of business ethics,126(4), pp.531-539. Kaptein, M., 2015. The effectiveness of ethics programs: The role of scope, composition, and sequence.Journal of business ethics,132(2), pp.415-431. Vitell, S.J., Singhapakdi, A. and Nishihara, C.M., 2015. The influence of ethics institutionalization on ethical decision-making in marketing.Handbook on ethics and marketing, pp.61-88. Watts, L.L., Medeiros, K.E., Mulhearn, T.J., Steele, L.M., Connelly, S. and Mumford, M.D., 2017. Are ethics training programs improving? A meta-analytic review of past and present ethics instruction in the sciences.Ethics behavior,27(5), pp.351-384. Markkula Center for Applied Ethics at Santa Clara University (2014).Issues in Financial and Accounting Fraud. [online] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YZcfq2pa5pQ [Accessed 28 Jan. 2018]. genConnect U (2013).Starbucks CEO Howard Schultz on Social Responsibility. [online] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uHIoK4LviCc [Accessed 28 Jan. 2018]. ProfTabOkWU (2010).Starbucks Social Responsibility Video. [online] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nly_OdvORQY [Accessed 28 Jan. 2018]. Democracy Now! (2012).The Bribery Aisle: How Wal-Mart Used Payoffs to Bribe Its Way Through Expansion in Mexico. [online] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmr6uHjoV8o [Accessed 28 Jan. 2018]. Nick Lodato (2012).The Rise and Fall of Arthur Andersen. [online] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G8RqguCAoG4 [Accessed 28 Jan. 2018]

Types of authoritative literature and the literature Essay Example

Types of authoritative literature and the literature Paper FASB standards codification contains authoritative U.S. GAAP literature. US. GAAP level 1 Codification and all SEC rules and interpretative releases. While the Codification applies to all entities that report under US GAAP, SEC materials only apply to publicly-traded registrants. US. GAAP level 2 Authoritative rules and principles for similar transactions. US. GAAP level 3 Other material such as FASB Concepts Statements, IFRS, industry practice and textbooks. IFRS LEVEL 1 IFRS standards and interpretations that specifically apply to a transaction, event, or condition. IFRS LEVEL 2 Authoritative rules from IFRS for similar and related transactions. IFRS LEVEL 3 The conceptual Framework definitions, recognition criteria, and measurement concepts for assets. liabilities, income and expenses. IFRS LEVEL 4 Recent pronouncements of other standard-setting bodies that use a similar Conceptual Framework to develop accounting standards, other accounting literature, and accepted industry practices to the extent that they do not conflict with the sources in Levels 1 and 2.

Data Analysis Skills For Economics And Accountancy Economics Essay Example

Data Analysis Skills For Economics And Accountancy Economics Essay Example Data Analysis Skills For Economics And Accountancy Economics Essay Data Analysis Skills For Economics And Accountancy Economics Essay rising prices besides goes up by 0.2697 % , bespeaking the positive correlativity between the 2 sets of informations. However, there are some little anomalousnesss shown on the graph. For illustration, some points of the graph show that as the money supply is increasing, rising prices is falling. B.3 This chart shows the relationship between the unemployment rate and rising prices over the last 20 old ages. Here you can see that over this period rising prices by and large falls as unemployment is lifting. However, this is non the instance for the full graph. Between 4 and 6 % unemployment, rising prices is lifting as unemployment additions even though the theory of the Philips curve indicates an opposite relationship between these variables. However, the correlativity for this information which equates to 0.10615719 indicates that there is a really weak positive relationship between these variables which conflicts with the opposite relationship. This weak positive relationship is besides shown by the arrested development line, which shows that for every 1 % rise in unemployment, rising prices rises by 0.0941 % . Economic Analysis of the Data for Part B3. ( Fig. 1 ) Alban W. Philips was the laminitis of the Philips curve ( Fig. 1 ) after transporting out research into the relationship between unemployment and rising prices. This involved him analyzing 95 old ages of economic informations ( from 1862-1957 ) sing rising prices and unemployment rates in the UK. After analyzing the information, he noticed that by stand foring it on a curve there was an reverse relationship between rising prices and unemployment. The Phillips Curve ( Bized, 2010 ) The theory behind the curve suggested that as the rate of rising prices rose, the rate of unemployment fell and frailty versa. This can be explained by utilizing the construct of AD and AS. If, for illustration, the economic system was sing strong growing due to rises in consumer disbursement, this would do rightward displacements of the aggregative demand curve. At the same clip this would intend falling degrees of unemployment. However, the rises in AD will besides do inflationary force per unit areas due to decreasing trim capacity in the economic system. If trim capacity is get downing to cut down, this is as consequence of extra demand in the markets which causes a rise in costs of production. If we look back at the graph demoing the relationship between these two variables, we can see that as the rate of unemployment rises from 2-4 % and from 6-10 % , the rate of rising prices falls. Therefore, for these peculiar parts of the graph we can see that it supports the theory of the Philips curve. However, the Philips curve was criticised in the late 1970 s early 1980 s by Milton Friedman when the UK experienced Stagflation i.e. lifting rising prices and unemployment, due to the immense rises in oil monetary values moving as a supply-side daze. This led him to make an account for this by holding fluctuations on the original curve called Expectations-augmented Philips Curve . Friedman acknowledged the being of the short tally curve, but in the long run his position was that the curve was perpendicular and there was no trade off between rising prices and unemployment. He believed additions in aggregative demand reduced unemployment and increased rising prices, as the curve suggests, but would merely hold an consequence on occupations in the short term. This can be explained from the undermentioned diagram: ( Fig. 2 ) Expectations-Augmented Phillips Curve ( Bized, 2010 ) From figure 2, you can see that if an economic system began at point U with rising prices at 0 % and unemployment being excessively high, the province may make up ones mind to increase demand by 5 % to cut down unemployment. This is illustrated by a motion along the curve to indicate V . However, after the addition in demand, there are likely to be deficits ensuing in increased monetary values. As monetary values rise, more people seek higher rewards ; there-by increasing the costs for houses and as a consequence the sum supply curve would switch left. As a consequence of their increased costs, houses will look to keep their net income borders by puting off workers, increasing unemployment. The economic system would so travel back to an unemployment degree of W . This indicates that unemployment can lift along with rising prices when cost push rising prices occurs. If we look back at the graph between the two variables, we can see that as unemployment rises from 4-6 % , rising prices is lifting with along with it. Therefore, we can see that some of the informations findings for the last 20 old ages struggle with the theory of the Philips curve. In decision, we can see that over this period, the information has by and large supported the theory of the Philips curve. However, some parts of the informations besides majorly struggle with the theory. This was shown during the 1970s-80 s when the UK experient Stagflation due to the Oil supply side dazes. Mentions Bized ( 2010 ) Monetary Policy Inflation Causes Theory 4 Phillips Curve is unemployment inflated? [ online ] available from A ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.bized.co.uk/virtual/bank/economics/mpol/inflation/causes/theories4.htm A ; gt ; Ruttenberg, L. , Tregarthen, T. ( 2009 ) Principle of Macroeconomics. New York: Flat World Knowledge Smith, L. ( n.d ) Examining the Philips Curve . [ on-line ] available from A ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.investopedia.com/articles/economics/08/phillips-curve.asp A ; gt ; Tutor2u ( n.d ) A2 Macroeconomics/International Economy The Phillips Curve [ online ] available from A ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //tutor2u.net/economics/revision-notes/a2-macro-phillips-curve.html A ; gt ; For this piece of work I have used the CU s Harvard Reference Style

Completed Suicide

Completed Suicide â€Å"Completed Suicide â€Å"Completed Suicide By Maeve Maddox A reader wonders about the use of a new way of referring to suicide: I came across completed suicide repeatedly in an article by the Mental Health of America Board of directors that used this phrase repeatedly in their petition to have President Obama send letters of condolence to family of service members that have committed suicide.   Is completed suicide correct? I have heard of committed suicide and attempted suicide, but not completed suicide. Whats your take?    My take is that, outside its valid use in medical literature, the expression completed suicide is being used as a euphemism by people who feel there’s more of a stigma attached to saying that someone â€Å"committed suicide.† In a post at Common Sense Journalism, Doug Fisher says that he asked several copy editors what they thought of the term and found that â€Å"the reaction was almost uniformly negative† regarding its use. His post includes a comment by Pam Wood, chief copy editor of the American Medical News, in which she explains the medical use of the term. In a non-technical context, â€Å"completed suicide† is redundant. Suicide is a word like murder; the single word says it all. There can be nothing incomplete about a suicide. It is an accomplished act. One can speak of â€Å"a failed suicide attempt.† Once the act has been committed, it’s a suicide. Trying to soften the anguish of a family member who has lost a child or spouse to suicide is understandable. Support groups can be excused for using the term â€Å"completed suicide† if they think that it will make their members feel better. Professional journalists probably ought to go ahead and say that someone has committed suicide. Besides, over time, euphemisms have a way of becoming just as harsh as the original expression. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Grammar Test 126 Feel-Good Words90 Verbs Starting with â€Å"Ex-†

Demand Media Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Demand Media - Case Study Example Technologies like mobile apps have hit the market and have been a challenge to Demand Media. This can be reversed when those opportunities are used to create mobile apps. Their websites were created with an aim of performing a specific task or for a specific audience. Apps are, however, replicating these ideas. Demand Media can come up with algorithms and deice the mobile applications. (Chang1; 7) Sales and marketing is one area that is more promising. Analysis indicates that income levels increased from 15,400,000 to 24,400,000 from 2008 to 2010. (Chang 13)Most of the companies are using their websites to offer their services and even sell their products. For instance, chron.com will provide customers with tips on creating business plans and usatoday.com will offer travelling tips (Chang14-15). Social websites have received a lot of traffic recently, according to a survey by Demand Media, yahoo and Google sites are among the top websites that receive highest number of unique visitors per month (A.Chang, 2015, pg. 12). If this numbers continue to grow at the same rate, then it means that demand media will have a more promising

Evaluate Unilever's financial strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Evaluate Unilever's financial strategy - Essay Example Then the sources of Finance is analysed using Modigliani-Miller Theorem and it reveals that the debt to equity position of the organization is good and has significant impact on its market value. However, the cash position of the company is not stable and requires attention from the management. The Dividend policy of the organization is healthy and looks at wealth maximization of the shareholders. The managers are concerned about the dividend return and regularly review the dividend policies. Moreover, the economic condition is quite unstable and a sluggish growth is expected. In this regards it is recommended that the organization should give attention towards their cash position and should enhance other activities through which their profitability can be enhanced. The organization is also suggested to maintain healthy debt equity ratio, having higher debt may negatively impact their firm value. Introduction The Unilever Group started their operations in 1885 but was not established until 1930 when the business actually joined forces to create the well established business prior to the start of 20th century. The corporate vision of the organization aims towards helping the people in order to look and feel good and get more out of their life. The organization aims to create a sustainable living place and a better future through their services and brands (Unilever, 2013a). The first priority for the organization is their consumers and then comes the employees, communities and the suppliers. The organization aims to fulfil their responsibilities by serving their customers and make their shareholders eventually rewarded. Financial strategy plays a major role in the sustainability of an organization. Financial strategy is a portfolio that includes corporate strategic plans that involves financing decision and optimum investment that helps in attaining the specified objectives. It is an area of managerial policies that determines the financial and investment decisio ns, which in turn leads to the wealth maximization of the shareholders (Hill, 2009). This paper focuses on the financial strategy of the organization and provides recommendation on the basis of that. Corporate Life Cycle The Corporate life cycle can be segregated into four stages through which an organization passes. The four stages are introduction, growth, matured and decline. The introduction stage is the point where the organization first places its product and services in the market for the customers. In this stage it starts capturing the market share. The next stage is the growth stage in which the organization with the best quality product or service is at the top of the competition. The sales increases and the organization spend money in building the brand. The demands of the consumers are at the highest point. The third stage is maturity where the organization has maximised their profit and is operating at a stable place in the market. Here the organization decides whether to withdraw their product or services from the market or to bring some innovation in them such that they remain in the market. The main focus is on the sustainability of the business. The last stage is the decline stage. At this stage the organization has already introduced their new products or next generation product. The

Global Warming Essay Example for Free

Global Warming Essay Globalization – a process of integration among countries is taking place as a new trend of the world. The cooperation among individuals and groups bring back many chances as well as challenges in different fields. As students in the era of integration, it is possible for us to realize both sides of this trend. First of all, it can not be denied that students can get many advantages from globalization. Thanks to the cooperation in education, different countries share new technology that support teaching and learning with each other. Students are the objectives who can get benefits from it. They are allowed to explore new sources of knowledge through Internet and other education material such as video conferencing, tape recordings, etc. Therefore, they find that studying is not very difficult as they think, even it is more interesting. Besides, globalization promises them a much brighter future. Students have more chances to get access to new skills, for instance, presentation skill, skill to work with a team, and so on, which are very invaluable for their future career. In addition, the interaction among countries creates a huge market with a plenty of choices of jobs. Thus, the graduates have more options to choose which job is the best and the most suitable for them. Go along with many advantages, students still have to face up with other difficulties. As being mentioned above, modern method of teaching and learning are big advantages for students but they may become obstacles when they are not very suitable and it must take a very long time to get familiar. For example, in many Asian countries, among which has Viet Nam, the feature of education is teacher – centered. When this changes into learner – centered which requires much of individuals’ responsibilities. At first, students who used to depend much on their teachers get shocked and fell it difficult to study with this new method. It may be a problem. What’s more, financial problem is another one. Under the impact of globalization, there has been a trend for the budge for education to be reduced. Government has to spend money on different areas so they do not pay as much attention  as before. As a result, the financial burden is placed on students’ shoulders and their families. In conclusion, globalization as well as other phenomenon has both sides: good and bad. All the impact of this has effects on students. Students get many advantages but also disadvantages. They should be aware of this problem carefully so that they can turn challenges into chances which will support their studying as well as their future.

Software Maintenance Essay -- essays research papers

SOFTWARE MAINTENANCE Abstract A consequence of the widespread utilisation of computer based technology over the past few decades has been the emergence of vast, highly complex computer systems whose content and structure are increasingly resistant to modification and change.   However fallible such legacy systems remain, many are â€Å"mission-critical† whereby their failure may lead to the collapse of the business or industry in which they serve.   In such cases, it is ultimately not possible to decommission the system in question.   The present report investigates the nature of such systems and examines why legacy systems cause problems to Software Maintenance Managers?   This report also provides a brief overview as to how such problems can be minimised and controlled. Keywords: Legacy systems, legacy system migration, mission critical systems, re-engineering, software wrapping, software evolution. 1. Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚   The literature describes legacy systems in terms of being an existing software application that is predominately within the maintenance phase of its lifecycle.   Such systems are typically old and heavily modified from their original designs by years of maintenance, usually by many different people [Moor00].   Although legacy systems are technically obsolete, having been written in assembly or early third generation languages such as COBAL Fortran and Coral, they generally represent considerable investment, and maintain significant value to their users [Benn95] [Brod95].   Ã‚  Ã‚   Legacy systems typically form the backbone of information flow within an organisation, and as such, are essential for the function of its business. Failure in these systems is likely to have serious consequences hence why legacy software is often considered of a â€Å"mission critical nature† [Benn95] [Bisb99]. As can be expected, systems of this nature pose a number of problems to the users, and to the Software Maintenance Manager responsible for the upkeep of the system.   Such problems range from the cost of maintenance to the utilisation of obsolete skills and technologies.   However, several solutions have been proposed and documented in the literature in response to, and to minimise, these problems.   Generally, they are classified under four categories: maintenance, re-development, wrapping and migration [Bisb99] [Lee97].   Ã‚  Ã‚   Therefore, the remainder of this report is ... ...[Lien80] B.P. Lientz & B.E. Swanson, "Software Maintenance Management", Addison - Wesley, 1980 [Merl95] E. Merlo, P-Y. Gagne, J.K. Girard, K Kontagiannis & P. Panangaden, "Re-Engineering User Interfaces" IEEE Software Jan 1995, Vol 12 No 1 [Moor00] M.M. Moore, "Using MORPH", http://www.cis.gsu.edu/~mmoore/MORPH/dissertation/approach.html, 2000 [Nose90] J.T. Nosek, & P. Prashant "Software Maintenance Management: The Change in the Last 10 Years", Journal of Software Maintenance, 1999, Vol 2 No 3 [Press01] R.S. Pressnam, "Software Engineering: A Practitioner's Approach" McGraw Hill, 2001 [Somm01] Sommerville, "Software Engineering", Addison - Wesley, 2001. [Weid97] N. Weiderman, L. Northrop, D.Smith, S.Tilley & K. Wallnau, "Implications of Distributed Object Technology for Re-engineering", Technical Report CMU/SEI-97-TR-005, Carnegie Mellon University, June 1997

Sociology: Deviance

†Deviance refers to any behaviour that is considered to be violating social norms or to persons that engage in such behaviour† (Adler & Adler (2009: 21). Deviance does not just occur to any form of behaviour, but we need to bear in mind the fact that behaviour or people that are deviant are only defined as deviant if and only if society views that particular behaviour as deviant (Adler & Adler (2009: 21). Deviance can either be positive, which is over conformity but is at the same time positively evaluated by the audience (Heckert, 1998: 23).There is also negative deviance, which is under conformity but on the other hand negatively evaluated, rate-busting, which refers to those individuals who under conform but are negatively evaluated by society and there is also another term referred to as deviance admiration, which is the â€Å"bad boy† image, which is under-conformity but somehow admired and positively evaluated by society or groups in society (Heckert, 1998: 2 3). Deviance has no fixed definition but instead, it is broad and has various definitions linked to the term.There are however 5 basic definitions for deviance in sociology namely, the Reactive constructionist approach, the Normative approach, Violation of rights, Absolutist approach and lastly, the Statistical approach. The reactive constructionist approach focuses on the reactions of an audience, which is society to certain behaviours. This is when behaviour is only considered deviant if it has been condemned by society. It involves publicly labelling behaviour as deviant and also followed by an equally negative reaction by the public (Dodge, 1985: 18).The normative approach on the other hand defines deviance as a â€Å"departure† or going against the set or generally accepted norms in society (Dodge, 1985: 20). Usually, the norm that has been violated is not usually put into place or is not usually in existence until a behaviour, which society reacts to, is seen as unaccep table and therefore deviant and then the norm is put into place and into existence after such occurrences.The statistical approach focuses on the behaviours that differ from average or normal experiences of society. In this case, the deviant individual or group of individuals engages in behaviour that the majority of the people do not engage in (Heckert, 1998: 25). This form of approach is mainly applied when analysing organisations. With the violation of rights approach, behaviour is considered deviant if it, in any way, violates the rights of any other individual. The individual or individuals hat are considered are labelled and they receive a negative reaction from society for their behaviour. Lastly, the absolutist approach of deviance claims that deviance resides in the very nature of an act and is wrong at all times and in all places (Heckert, 1998: 28). It does not have to depend on the environment, the reaction of the audience or the punishment and severity of the act. Princ iples of right and wrong are applied and an act is deviant once it goes against those principles.With the case of Amanda, who was heavily criticised by the public for killing her sister by stabbing her with a bread knife, the reactive constructionist theory is most applicable because according to her mother, she was just an innocent girl, who made a terrible mistake and her family did not battle forgiving her, but because the media reacted in a certain way, which was negative and the reaction eventually spread and influenced the rest of society in which they started condemning Amanda and making her life miserable, to the extent that she also condemned herself and started hating herself to the point where she believed she was evil and deserved to die. Another issue with deviance is the issue of stigma.Stigma refers to the negative gap or some form of division between the deviant individuals and the people who are not deviant or do not go against the norms of society (Goffman, 1963: 3 ). There is usually a lot of tension by the â€Å"normal† people and it is always the deviants that have to suffer and manage the tension because they are usually the minority group in the cases of deviant acts (Goffman, 1963: 7). Amanda had the stigma of a killer or brutal murderer attached to her by the public and throughout the rest of her life, had had to endure suffering at the hands of the public. She had to cope with the labelling and the gossiping that constantly surrounded her.With the issue of stigmatisation, the individuals who are suffering also have the option of managing the stigma. In Amanda’s case, the one most relevant option that she did have and fairly used was turning to stigmatised others, such as people she was imprisoned with and by turning to sympathetic others, which in this case was her mother and her friends for support and coping because there was not much she could have done such as support groups etc. because she had spent a lot of time in prison (Goffman, 1963: 14). In Amanda’s case, she has her family supporting her saying she is not at fault, in other words that her behaviour was not deviant, while on the other hand, the public viewed her behaviour as deviant.This then brings us to the question about whether there is a difference between deviance and crime. Some crimes may be thought of as deviant but not criminal and other, criminal but not deviant. The safest route to go by is simply saying that the difference separating deviance from crime is the breaking of the law, which is considered a crime or the violating of the social norm, which is deviance (Marshal and Meier, 2011: 16). Basically, people could engage in criminal behaviour, which may be accepted in a particular society, such as drinking and driving, but because it is not generally frowned upon, those people are accepted and are not considered deviant by their society.One other person on the other hand, may commit a deviant act, such as Amanda, wh o was said to have attacked her sister unintentionally, but because society rebukes such, she is considered a deviant, an outcast and is labelled and has no freedom to live her live as she pleases without people making it miserable for her. Labelling, which is closely linked to stigma, refers to the public seeing the deviants as different to anyone else and are mainly carried out by moral entrepreneurs (Marshal and Meier, 2011: 17). There are three different forms of labelling which can be taken into consideration, which is primary deviance, secondary deviance and tertiary deviance. These forms or theories of labelling come with consequences as well.In the case of primary deviance, an individual is given a label but they are not affected by such, so they basically ignore and deny the label given to them by the public (Marshal and Meier, 2011: 21). The second scenario, which is secondary deviance, individuals are given a label and so as a form of escapism, they then live up to that l abel that they have been given, such as someone being call uptight, condescending or in simpler words, a snob, then tends to try and intimidate and bring people down by all means possible (Marshal and Meier, 2011: 20). With tertiary deviance, an individual is labelled, but refuses to neither deny nor accept and instead tries and proves that there is nothing deviant about their behaviour (Marshal and Meier, 2011: 19). In Amanda’s case she was both primarily and secondarily labelled.Her family tried denying the primary labelling for her, but rather she took up secondary deviance, where she actually accepted that she was a murderer and that she deserved to die like a murderer. Moral entrepreneurs are those individuals who try to create and enforce new definitions of morality and what is deviant and what is not (Adler & Adler, 2009: 136). These new definitions that they try and enforce are mainly put in place to try and benefit them and what they believe in (Adler & Adler, 2009: 137). In many cases, if not all, there is always a number of moral entrepreneurs and not just one and they are each trying to act at their own self-interest (Adler & Adler, 2009: 137).In Amanda’s case, the main moral entrepreneurs are the society, Amanda and her own mother. Society created a label for Amanda that she carried with her and was never removed until the day that she died. Society saw her as a criminal who deserved to be punished because in that society, killing people with bread knives was not considered moral, even though they did not know the main reason or what had exactly happened. Amanda on the other hand did not see anything wrong that she had done and instead got negatively influenced by the stigma that had been attached to her and therefore saw herself as a deviant that deserved the most severe punishment possible.With Amanda’s mother, she saw her daughter as the innocent one victimised by society. She blamed society for her daughters’ misery claiming that she had not done anything wrong, even though it was evident that she had murdered her own sisters for reasons unknown, but because she did not see anything wrong with her daughters actions, she believed that she should not be punished even though murder is considered a crime and should therefore be punishable. They then in a way were seen to be a folk devil, which means that they were viewed as a threat and a bad influence to society (Dodge, 1985: 28). It is rather astonishing how Amanda’s case eventually turned out.Some people, mainly family were on her side, while the whole public was against her. Now it is a mystery as to how such situations can be explained and justified. Why would, in one society, people have different beliefs? According to the Marxist socialist theory of deviance, society is not based on consensus and shared values, but rather, it is an outcome of the continuing struggle between the social classes, the elite and the proletariat (Marshal a nd Meier, 2011: 19). In this form of society, which is mainly a capitalist society, there are individuals who exploit others and those who are exploited and therefore those who commit crime are doing those who are exploited justice (Marshal and Meier, 2011: 19).In Amanda’s case, there is no clear reason as to why the crime was committed, but her sentence was not heavy and therefore this could also be a sign as to how much influence they had on the ruling system, showing how much those who are influential can control everything in society ranging from economy to politics and laws. Amanda’s case is a clear example of what we call moral panic. Moral panic, according to Cohen (1972), cited in Victor (1998: 542), is societal response to beliefs about a threat from factors or individuals known as ‘moral deviants’. The group of individuals become defined as a threat to the values as well as the interests of that particular society and they are presented in this w ay by the mass media and other key actors (moral entrepreneurs).Society managed to foster moral panic because a widespread concern about the issue was promoted by much attention by society and basically the whole issue eventually took center stage. According to Adler & Adler (2009: 137), moral panic must be triggered by specific event at the right moment, draw attention to a specific group as a target, have provocative content revealed, and supported by formal and informal communication outlets, which in Amanda’s case happened because now her tragedy attracted much attention from society and basically caused a panic. This again just proves how deviance has no set barriers, but instead the classification of deviance has no set or particular traits, but rather, behaviour is seen as deviant only based on the social definitions that vary from society to society at different times. Society is the biggest role player in distinguishing deviant behaviour and through moral panic, they managed to exclude, label and target deviants because they have gone against what is believed to be social norms.Reference List Adler, P. and Adler, P. (2009). (6th ed). Constructions of Deviance: social power, context and interaction. Belmon, Calif: Thomson/Wadsworth. Pages 135-138; Chapter 17. Cohen, S. (1972). Folk Devils and Moral Panics. St Martin’s: New York. Dodge, D. (1985). Deviant Behaviour: The over-negativized conceptualization of deviance. Los Angeles: California. Goffman, E. (1963). Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity. New York: United States. Heckert, D. M. (1998). Positive deviance: A classificatory model. New York: United States. Marshal, C & Meier, R. (2011). Sociology of Deviant behaviour (14th ed). Belmont: USA.

Role of Social Media on Activism and Revolution

Janessa Suarez Prof. Mooney ENC 1102 1 February 2013 Role of Social Media in Activism and Revolution According to Jeffrey Strain, â€Å"Can a click make a difference in the world? By itself, probably not, but when combined with tens and even hundreds of thousands of other clicks, it may just have an impact†. Social networks such as Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube have changed the way people interact all across the globe. We depend on these social networks to seek information and communicate with one another.With these social networks, people from all across the world are able to find out about any ongoing events or incidents by just a click of a button. Individuals can use these social networks to increase awareness of events and get their information across to friends, family and even strangers. Even though people believe we depend too much on the Internet, social media should be used because it benefits us and those around us. For starters, social media, such as YouTube, chan ges public awareness. It gives people a chance to view tragedies and help make a difference to those who have been affected by them.For example, there is a video called â€Å"Bully†, which is a documentary about kids all over the world who are bullied today. It’s a form of activism because through this video, which can be found on YouTube, people from all over the world can become aware of this problem and help change their and others’ behavior. As Monika Hathaway says, â€Å"The fundamental problem and benefit is that the Internet gives everyone a voice, regardless of whether or not we think it should be heard†. Watching videos can be more effective than words because as humans we grasp visual imagery better than we do words.For an audience, it’s more powerful and influential to view a shameful situation, such as bullying, rather than just hearing or reading about it. Another way social media has played an immense role in activism today is by expa nding word of mouth communication. Ben Rattray, the founder of Change. org said, â€Å"If the Internet didn’t exist, Barack Obama would not be president of the United States†. Why does he say this? Because without the Internet, Obama would not have been able to gather thousands of people to work together for change.Through Twitter and Facebook Obama was able to expose his campaign to millions of people and attract a greater number of voters. Using social media, news reporters, writers, and even your family and friends are able to write their opinions or fill you in on what may you have missed or didn’t notice about events such as the presidential debates. Social media also increases word of mouth communication because it gives others who may not know about a business or even a restaurant a chance to review information and feedback. For example, Facebook is key in communicating with clients.It gives them the opportunity to â€Å"Like† a page, â€Å"Shareà ¢â‚¬  a page, or even recommend a page to other people. Twitter can be used to sponsor deals and events and give advice to other business owners or people who share common interest. It brings great minds together and gives daily opportunities to learn from someone else’s perspective. (English, How Do You Increase Word of Mouth) Lastly, as mentioned in Rutledge’s, Four Ways Social Media is Redefining Activism, social media networks cross technologies (which means with the help of other types of technology people can exchange information) and have immediate impact that gives information urgency.Because of this, social media benefits different organizations such as Breast Cancer Awareness, Hand in Hand for Haiti, and Support our Troops. With the crossing of technologies it encourages people to take immediate action for things like fundraising, helping groups raise donations. Utilizing social media can spread the word and drive people to help. Overall, not only can indivi duals with the same interest and passion share and connect, but they can also partake in causes that can support and help one another.We are closely brought together through this electric technology, encountering people who we’d never really thought about having any interaction with. As Allison Fine, the co-author of The Networked Nonprofit says, â€Å"In every effective social change effort that you want to look at there is an inner-core of tightly bound people†. Social media not only gives us a voice but it gives us the opportunity to show others what we are capable of accomplishing and what we can do to make a difference in the world. Works Cited Hathaway, Monika. â€Å"The Role of Social Media in Activism. † Sterling Communications.Sterlingpr. com, 25 Oct. 2011. Web. 17 Feb. 2013. â€Å"How Do You Increase Word of Mouth? † 5 Star Radio Group Clarksville TN Marketing and Advertising RSS. N. p. , n. d. Web. 01 Feb. 2013. Kessler, Sarah. â€Å"Mashable. † Mashable. Mashable, 9 Oct. 2010. Web. 17 Feb. 2013. â€Å"Mashable. † Mashable. N. p. , n. d. Web. 01 Feb. 2013. Rutledge, Pamela B. â€Å"Four Ways Social Media Is Redefining Activism. † Psychology Today. Positively Media, 6 Oct. 2010. Web. 1 Feb. 2013. Strain, Jeffrey. â€Å"A Different Type of Activism. † Technorati Social Media. Technorati. com, 2 May 2012. Web. 17 Feb. 2013.

buy custom Graff - Pinkert Case Study essay

buy custom Graff - Pinkert Case Study essay The 70 year old family owned Graff- Pinkert Company has since its establishment been dedicated to the turned parts industry. It is an international leader in automatic screw machines, rotary transfer machine and cnc/Swiss sales, service and parts. The company began during the Second World War. At the time, Aaron Pinkerts cousin Leonard Graff took helped him to run his screw machine shop. Leonards main responsibility was to locate machines US factories required for the war effort. Graff-Pinkert was housed in an area that was formerly a pickle factory. As a measure of growth, the company has sold over 5,000 automatic screw machines across the world since 1941. The company is now located in a modern 25,000 square foot facility in Oak Forest, Illinois as compared to the 5000 square foot where it first started (Graff-Pinkert sales, 2009). Strengths and Weaknesses of the Company The way Graff-Pinkert treats their customers is a huge strength on its own that contributes towards their reliability. Very few companies across the globe can accept returning of their products due to faults. This company embraces company satisfaction to a point that a customer can return the respective product for fixing. Another of the companys strength is its diverse nature; in such a way tha they deal with various areas of the industry. As much as they can produce new products, they can also rebuild and recondition machines. Another weakness is when it comes to buying a used machine and letting it to lie in the site. This means wastage of space and resources that could have been utilized elsewhere. This company deals with various aspects of machines. Research has however shown that specialization has been one of the most important trends used in the machinery business since 1940s. Those who have had a narrow focus on a particular type of equipment have really grown. Graff-Pinkert deals with so many areas of machinery making it to miss out on the advantage of specialization. Challenges The market of used machinery is not perfect owing to the fact that there a number of determining variables. The variables include condition, age, market timing, attachments, size, technological advancement, location and manufacturer. All these factors affect the quality or rather value of the particular machine in question. Competition from other companies is also another challenge that this company has faced. The nature of used machinery companies is such that there are a few mergers. This is so because the companies are rarely sold. In the event that tthe owner passes on, and there are no heirs to take it up, the inventory is liquidated and thus the business disappears. This situation hinders the advantage of mergers which helps to realize faster growth of companies. Other competitors in this industry include Adams Machinery, Lieberstein and Muslin and Angus (Graff, 2009). Recommendations Graff-Pinkert Company should continue working on customer satisfaction. It is only through customer satisfaction that a company can expand its market share and be able to move to another level in terms of sales. When customers are satisfied, the companys image as a whole is also boosted. The company should be careful when purchasing used machines to avoid cases of useless machinery lying in the site. Idle machinery that does not have any use wastes company funds. A lot of space for both storage and expansion is also wasted when a company has idle machinery. Conclusion Graff-Pinkert Company embraces full customer satisfaction. This is an ideal virtue which helps the company entirely on major decision making actions. Customer satisfaction cultivates trust and reliability of the customers. This eventually translates into increased volumes of sales and growth of the company in general. Buy custom Graff - Pinkert Case Study essay

American Torture Techniques Against Detainees

American Torture Techniques Against Detainees The U.S. government has been accused of using torture-lite or moderate physical pressure against detainees, persons held in custody for political reasons, typically because they pose a distinct threat to the U.S. or possess information crucial to American security. In practical terms, what does this mean? Palestinian Hanging This form of torture is sometimes  referred to as Palestinian hanging due to its use by the Israeli government against Palestinians. It involves binding the prisoners hands behind his back. After fatigue sets in, the prisoner will inevitably fall forward, putting full body weight on his shoulders and impairing breathing. If the prisoner is not released,  death by crucifixion  may eventually result. Such was the fate of U.S. prisoner  Manadel al-Jamadi  in 2003. Psychological Torture The number one criterion for torture-lite is that it must leave no physical marks. Whether U.S. officials are threatening to execute a prisoners family or falsely claiming that the leader of his terror cell is dead, a steady diet of misinformation and threats can be effective.   Sensory Deprivation Its remarkably easy for prisoners to lose track of time when theyre locked up in cells. Sensory deprivation involves removing all noise and light sources as well. Guantanamo prisoners  were additionally bound, blindfolded and wore earmuffs. Whether prisoners subjected to long-term sensory deprivation can still tell fiction from reality is a matter of some debate.   Starvation and Thirst Maslows hierarchy of needs identifies basic physical needs as the most fundamental, more so than religion, political ideology or community. A prisoner may be given just enough food and water to survive. It may take as long as a week before he appears physically thinner, but his life will come to revolve around a quest for food and he may be more inclined to divulge information in exchange for food and water.   Sleep Deprivation Studies have shown that missing a nights sleep temporarily drains 10 points from a persons IQ. Consistent sleep deprivation  through harassment, exposure to bright lights and exposure to loud, jarring music and recordings can drastically impair judgment and wear down resolve.   Waterboarding Water torture is one of the oldest and most common forms of torture. It arrived in the U.S. with the first colonists and has cropped up many times since then. Waterboarding  is its latest incarnation. It  involves  a prisoner being strapped down to a board then dunked in water. Hes brought back to the surface and the process is then repeated until his interrogator secures the information being sought.   Forced Standing Most common in the 1920s, forced standing involves prisoners standing in place, often overnight. In some cases, the prisoner may face a wall, standing with his arms extended and his  fingertips touching it.   Sweatboxes Sometimes referred to as a hot box or simply as the box, the prisoner is locked up in a small, hot room which, due to lack of ventilation, essentially functions as an oven. The prisoner is released when he cooperates. Long used as a form of torture in the U.S., it is particularly effective in the arid Middle East. Sexual Assault  and Humiliation Various forms of sexual assault and humiliation documented in U.S. prison camps  as forms of torture include forced nudity, forcible smearing of menstrual blood on prisoners faces, forced lap dances, forced transvestitism and forced homosexual acts on other prisoners.

In consultation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

In consultation - Case Study Example The negotiating parties may discuss the consequences of the contract in detail before signing the final written contract. But these verbally discussed things will be legally valid only if it is included in the final written agreement. â€Å"The parol evidence rule applies to integrated contracts and provides that when parties put their agreement in writing, all prior and contemporaneous oral or written agreements merge in the writing† (Parol Evidence). In future, both the parties can deny the verbal offers made before the agreement if it is not included in the final written agreement. In the given case, Air phone Mobile service representative verbally assured Marvin that his company would take responsibility if any of its customers became sick from its phones. At the same time he refused to delete the clause included in the written agreement which states clearly that Air phone has no liability out of the sickness caused by its mobile phone use. In short, the parol evidence and written agreement are not contradictory in clauses and in future disputes the court will consider only the written agreement. FDA recommends the usage of hands free while using cell phones (West). In order to protect his employees, Marvin can ask them to use hands free along with the mobiles. Hands free allow the mobile users to keep the mobile phones in a distance from the body while making or receiving calls. Mobile phones cause health problems only when it comes closer to the body while in operation. Radiations from the mobile phones will be hyperactive when it is in use and hands free can prevent such radiations from striking our body. Marvin can also ask his employees to use text messages more frequently whenever possible. Text messages can prevent the employees from keeping the phone near to the head. Such messages can cause little damages to the employees. He can also advice his employees to bring the phone near to the ear only after the person at the other

Muslim Minority in Toronto University Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Muslim Minority in Toronto University - Essay Example But today this plain world-view has been complex by the existence in the West of above ten million Muslims. Around five or six million Muslims subsist in Europe and about four or five million in America; the accurate statistics are likely to be rather untrustworthy, as immigrants and switchers at times do not desire to pronounce their individuality or list and are consequently complex to itemize. It can no longer be observed as Islam against the West; it is Islam and the West or Islam in the West. The expansion of this Muslim society has been remarkable to evaluate by the mosques: both Germany and France comprise around a thousand, Britain about 500 (though many may only be a room or two). The central mosques in London and in Washington indicate this expansion: the mosques are filled of worshippers; they are wonderfully created and are the center of Muslim communal and pious action (Muslim Minority, Online). According to LeMay (2004) discrimination and inequity based on supposed ethnic/racial dissimilarities are worldwide --they are initiated in a variety of forms in all cultures. Acts of discrimination vary all the way from benign categorization of people to unkind harassment. Though, the expression racism has come to be vaguely applied to all of these actions. Philosophers question has made a practical division between kinds of detrimental activitiesThey uses the term racialism for the more benevolent forms of prejudice such as classifying people for indication purposes on the foundation of age, gender, and ethnicity/race. They set aside the term racism for destructive discrimination such as not employing someone because of his or her "race." This difference will be followed here in this paper. Not a soul -ethnic/racial group has the domination on racism. Yet members of groups that are insistently discriminated against by others might believe and perform in a violent racist behavior.Racism is principally a creation of ethnocentrism--the sentiment that ones own group's edifying traditions and principles are accurate and greater to all others (Flanagan, 1998). It is not complicated to observe why Majority sees Muslims who live as a minority in non-Muslim countries like Canada as a dilemma. The grounds are comparatively straightforward. Where on earth Muslims live as minorities they more and more countenance troubles of discrimination. These are partially due to historical and political issues, partially due to the media, which have established for several that Muslims are aggressive, untrustworthy and flat to lawlessness. There is one more basis. The majority of non-Muslim countries in which Muslims live have a representation of themselves as plural, open-minded, secular and contemporary cultures. Muslims one way or another confront this picture. They aggravate the nastiest facets of the state. In the foremost, in its place of resolving the evils of the Muslims in a style that would be jointly advantageous, the state is inclined to disregard or diminish them (Flanagan, 1998). Issues Faced By Muslim Minorities In Toronto University Undergraduates at the University of

Kotter's 8 Step Approach for an Organization Term Paper

Kotter's 8 Step Approach for an Organization - Term Paper Example   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Company Overview FedEx Corporation is among the best international companies operating in distribution industry, in providing reliable, timely, and rapid express delivery to over 200 states and destinations. The company is able to link international markets that cover beyond three quarters of world’s GDP within a period of four working days. What makes FedEx a world leader is its highly developed information technology infrastructure, competent air path officials, together with well-established mode of transport. The company delivers about 3 million cargos every day in Europe, Africa, India, and the Middle East and currently operates in almost all the cities and territories with its reliable inter states and continental distribution services. United States has one of the biggest offices for FedEx express and is currently expanding its wings to cover more areas around the region through rational and well-planned investments. FedEx story is not all positive since it has been facing various challenges and problems, especially in the current economic meltdown (Gutierrez, 2008). Diagnosis FedEx as an international company that has operated for over three decades has become too complex especially at management level. In addition, competition in the modern world is growing tougher and rapid in the modern economy and this requires FedEx to keep on updating and reinventing themselves. Over the years FedEx image has been tarnished due to numerous complaints from customers, for instance in their packaging methods. Some of the styles and organization practices being used in FedEx have been outdated hence the need to revisit and rebrand the company. The major problem is that FedEx has been unable to adapt effectively to the current economic situations (Gutierrez, 2008).   Ã‚  Kotter’s Change Approach Step 1: Creation of urgency Change can only happen in a company if at all every person or stakeholders in the company desire the change. Develop ing a sense of urgency in an organization starts with identifying and accepting the existing weaknesses in the company because the thought of the company falling or losing their investments arouses managers need to act, and similarly spreads the aspect of urgency to other stakeholders. Financial problems or loss of workforce mostly sparks people to act or make a decision in most companies. Human nature requires a touchable or a foreseeable aspect of failure in order to come out of their comfort zones. For change to occur successfully and effectively in any organization, managers or executives of the company must facilitate a coordinate a discussion where actual problems and threats are mentioned and analyzed (Shaffer & Thompson, 2008). In most scenarios, external consultation has proved to be the most effective, as it brings out the overall weaknesses of the entire company and eliminates biasness. According to Kotter, the degree of urgency is huge enough when about two thirds of the organization’s executives becomes understands the fact that the existing organizational culture and practices are out of line and need to change. Change in most cases starts with an individual or a few people and then others realizes it significance with time. FedEx as a company can take the following steps to initiate change: 1. Documentation of potential threats and forecast in the future in order to predict situations

Comparison of Hospital Points to National Benchmark: Florida

Comparison of Hospital Points to National Benchmark: Florida HOSPITAL DATA POINTS COMPARED WITH STATE AND NATIONAL BENCHMARKS DOUGLAS WINTER Analyze and summarize the results. Are there significant outliers? Try to summarize the results as comparable, unfavorable, or favorable to the state and national benchmarks. I compared three hospitals in my general area to ten different data points that were also compared to the state and national averages. The areas within the statistics I compared were in timely effective manor, survey of patients experience, readmissions, complications deaths, and use of medical imaging. Following the data comparisons, I included a brief explanation of the data point being examined, along with potential causes, improvement suggestions, and outliers when found. Timely effective manor First data point: Outpatients having surgery who received an antibiotic at the right time (within one hour) before surgery. Hospital staff should make sure surgery patients get antibiotics at the right time. It is important to receive antibiotics pre-operation due to the possibility of wound infections from surgical procedures. Research has shown patients who have received antibiotics prior to surgery were less likely to get wound infections. Results: Florida Hospital Memorial and Florida Hospital Flagler rated 100%, above the state and national averages of 99% and Flagler Hospital rated 98% only one percent below the state and national average. Potential causes for the problem: Their protocol for patients to receive an antibiotic earlier or after surgery is not being followed. An in-service need’s to be scheduled to make sure all staff is following protocol guidelines and new employees are being trained correctly as well. Process improvement suggestions to improve the results: Their teams of operating room nurses, surgeons and anesthesiologists need to analyze and refine the processes with the goal of having 100 percent of their surgical patients receive an antibiotic within one hour prior to any scheduled surgery. Second data point: Heart attack patients given a prescription for a â€Å"statin† at discharge. Most patients who have had a heart failure and who take a â€Å"statin†, Ace inhibitor have fewer symptoms, feel physically better, and are less likely to return to the hospital. Results: Florida Hospital Flagler and Florida Hospital Memorial tied at 100% outperforming the state and national averages, and Flagler Hospital rated 97% under the states 99% and national average at 98%. Potential causes for the problem: Statin protocol is neglected, no one held accountable, no regularly scheduled meeting or in-service are being conducted. Process improvement suggestions to improve the results: Flagler Hospitals team of operating nurses, physicians need to pay closer attention to assure their patients receive a â€Å"statin† at discharge and strive to reach a goal of 100 percent of their patients receive a â€Å"statin† Ace inhibitor at discharge to maintain a continuity of care. Third data point: Pneumonia patients given the most appropriate initial antibiotic(s). Pneumonia is a long infection which is caused by bacteria or a virus. If the pneumonia happens to be caused by bacteria then the infection will be treated by an antibiotic that is specific for bacteria, and if the pneumonia is caused by a virus a specific antibiotic will then be used for viral infections. Results: Florida Hospital Flagler tied with the state at 98%, outperforming the national average at 95% and Flagler Hospital scored 94% below all comparisons. In addition, Florida Hospital Memorial scored 97% above the national average, and 1% below the state averages. Potential causes for the problem: Each staff member needs to follow a respiratory protocol, and if pneumonia is identified, that protocol needs to be followed. Blood cultures are not performed, and the potential for giving the patient the wrong antibiotic is high. Protocols are not followed, no accountability, or in-service are being regularly held. Process improvement suggestions to improve the results: All three of the hospitals require improvement and need to make sure patients whose initial emergency room blood culture was performed prior to the administration of the first antibiotic in order to provide the most appropriate care. Survey of patient’s experience First data point: Patients who reported that their nurses always communicated well. This is important for any patient staying at a health care facility, and is asking if nursing explained things clearly, listened, and listened carefully to the patient, and treated the patient with courtesy and respect. Results: All comparisons’’ performed poorly, Florida Hospital Flagler and the state tied at 75% While Florida Hospital Memorial tied with the national average at 79%, leaving Flagler Hospital below the other comparisons at 73%. All comparisons are well below an acceptable benchmark of 100%. Potential causes for the problem: Health care staff gets busy, and they tend to have so many things they are thinking about and they neglect to fully communicate with the patients. Also people assigned to a bed are not looked at as patients but a body and communication tends to be non-existent. Process improvement suggestions to improve the results: All comparisons failed in this analysis. Patient satisfaction is top priority, and should be for most health care organizations. Every member of the team needs to be reminded that every patient regardless of ethnicity, creed, demographics, etc. deserves communication and respect. Regularly scheduled meetings, and in services regarding patient communication, and care in order to make the patient feel comfortable and looked after. Second data point: Patients who reported that their pain was always well controlled. Again all comparisons failed this part of the analysis. Pain management should be top priority with those patients that are not scheduled for immediate surgery. Patient satisfaction, and recovery will be all the better if they are well controlled. Results: Again, all comparisons failed in this part of the analysis. Florida Hospital Memorial and the national average tied at 71%, while Florida Hospital Flagler was 69% and Flagler Hospital at 67% and the state average at 68%. All comparisons in this data point fell short of the acceptable level of 100%. Potential causes for the problem: Health care staffs are not fully aware of the pain each modality can cause and influence the outcome of patient care. They tend to be removed, for example a patient has an abscess to his lower leg, yet he says he is in pain but I am removed from his discomfort because all I see is an abscess. Although he is in pain and the health care worker needs to be reminded that it may only be an abscess to them, but to the patient it constitutes the end of the world. Process improvement suggestions to improve the results: The three hospitals compared need to setup a mandatory in service by floor with a committee and their manager to remind everyone the importance of pain management. Remind everyone that they are patients and not textiles, and yes your shifts are busy, but never forget that it is our responsibility to care for them and caring for them includes pain management, and if the patient say’s to you that this pain is a 10 out of a 10, talk with their physician to see if anything can be done. Third data point: Patients who reported that staff always explained about medicines before giving them to them. Patients want to know, they want to be informed and feel about the medications they are taking while in the hospital. It is further important to know what patients are feeling about their hospital experience and by asking patients if their nurse communicated with them about their medication before dispensing it will effectively let the hospital staff know where they need improvement in order to enrich the patients overall hospital experience Results: Florida Hospital Flagler and the state average tied at 60%, Florida Hospital Memorial rated 65% and Flagler Hospital rated 57% and the state at 64%. All comparisons data points fell short of an acceptable 100%. Potential causes for the problem: Protocols not being followed, no in services to remind nurses to communicate with their patients more effectively. Not acknowledging patient satisfaction surveys to find areas that need attention. Process improvement suggestions to improve the results: It is important for the patients to feel comfortable and have a feeling of well-being so when they have a concern or have a question they will feel free to ask. Monthly in service meeting reminding to encourage staff to have a positive attitude, to be more approachable, about hospital image, go over patient satisfaction survey results. Readmissions, complications deaths First data point: Rate of unplanned re-admission for heart attack patients. The percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) re-admission data point evaluates and compares â€Å"unplanned re-admissions† which may take place within 30 days after discharge and after a PCI procedure. In addition, this data point takes into account the level of a patient’s illness before being admitted into the hospital, and the differences along with re-admission percentages that may be coincidental. For example, patients who have underlying medical diagnoses that are not seen with younger healthier patients were not included in this data point. Results: Florida hospital Flagler scored 19.4%, just below Florida Hospital Memorial at 19.9%, and Flagler Hospital was at 17.9 and below the state and national averages of 18.3%. Potential causes for the problem: Patients are not clinically able to be discharged, are not properly instructed on the methods to reduce the risk of infections, their medications need to be reconciles, and they need to be encouraged to call for assistance to their primary care provider, or given a number to call at the participating hospital (Meyer, Rybowski, 2004, p.viii). Process improvement suggestions to improve the results: Ensure the patients are stable and clinically able to be discharged, this will help reduce the risk of infections, assist them with reconciling their medications, encourage and improve communications with their providers in transitioning of care, encourage, train patients on strategies promote disease management principles and educate patients on what symptoms to monitor, who to contact with questions and where and when to seek follow-up care (Meyer, Rybowski, 2004, p.10). Second data point: Death rate for Heart attack patients: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is what health care providers call. door-to-balloon time, and this time frame is 90 minutes from the time the patient arrives at the hospital suffering from a heart attack and also (PCI), such as angioplasty when a catheter with a very small balloon is inserted into the blocked artery and inflated in order to open up the vessel. Results: Florida Hospital Flagler rated 16.7% and while Florida Hospital Memorial rated 15.5%, while Flagler Hospital is 14.4% below the state and national average of 15.2%. Positive outlier: Flagler Hospitals results is 2.3% lower than Florida Hospital Flagler, 1.1% lower than Flagler Hospital and .8% lower than the state and national averages. Flagler Hospital’s lower results may be attributed to having regular monthly meeting that involve key hospital staff and emergency medical responders designed to review heart attack cases, and having a cardiologist nearly on site most of the time, and part of the care team to encourage problem solving by immediate hospital staff and not the responsibility of only nurses but the entire team (D’Eugenio, 2012, p.1). Potential causes for the problem: This data point has many variables and is dependent upon the level of patient’s general health in the hospitals geographical area. That is why this data point has already been adjusted for patient characteristics that may make death or unplanned readmission more likely, regardless if any of the compared hospitals are providing higher quality of care. Some of the characteristics included are age of the patient, past medical history, and co-morbidities that the patient had when they were admitted to the hospital and a known health risk that can to increase the patient’s risk of dying or of having an unplanned readmission. Process improvement suggestions to improve the results: As performance improvements are identified then appropriate problem-solving techniques can be employed. Beginning with putting together an action plan, that can change certain patterns set by physicians that have been identified as possible contributors with the death rates for heart attack patients. Also, accountability measures should be enforced to hold appropriate department staff accountable for protocol adherence, critical paths to follow through, and enforcing the plan towards improving outcomes, policies that enhance efficiency, and fluid communication across departments. Medical Imaging First data point: Outpatient computed topography (CT) scans of the chest that were combination (double) scans. This data point only applies to Medicare patients that were treated in the hospital and does not include ambulatory or inpatient settings of the hospital. The lower the percentage the better and points to the efficient use of medical imaging for that hospital being compared. In addition, it is important not to expose the patient to contrast material and or unnecessary radiation exposure. Results: Florida Hospital Flagler scored the highest at 2.9% and Flagler Hospital tying with the national average at 2.7% and Florida Hospital Memorial rated well below the other comparisons at 1.4% and the state scored better than the other comparisons except Florida Hospital Memorial with 2.4%. Positive outlier: Florida Hospital Memorial scored 1.4% which is 1.5% better than the highest scoring hospital at 2.9% and 1.3% better than the national average at 2.7%. Potential causes for the problem: The primary cause for double C.T. scan results, its over use in general is caused by emergency room physicians since they are more apt to order expensive tests that can have high levels of radiation, and which are also not needed â€Å"It is easier to order a test than to take extra time to explain to a patient why it is not needed† (Parr, 2014, ND, p.1). Florida Hospital Memorial contributing cause may include using C.T. scans only as a diagnostic tool and not as a screening modality, while the other comparisons seem to follow defensive medicine techniques, and or illustrating a wide spread disengagement between the physicians and their patients. Process improvement suggestions to improve the results: It is important to encourage patients to question their physician’s motives, consult with their physicians. Patients need to know why tests are being ordered and what impact will the test have on their treatment Parr, 2014, p.1). Physician’s need more frequent in services regarding hospital expenditures, assign quality control measures to each physician in order to track unnecessary procedures and to follow-up with the physicians to encourage other means to same problem. Florida Hospital Memorial contributing cause may include using C.T. scans only as a diagnostic tool and not as a screening modality, Second data point: Outpatients who received cardiac imaging stress tests before low-risk outpatient surgery. The heart’s ability to respond to stress is necessary to understand if the patient is scheduled for surgery. The physicians need to know what levels of stress the patient’s heart is capable of handling. For instance, a cardiac stress test is not required for a colonoscopy, cataract surgery, biopsies, because this kind of procedure will not over task the heart, and poses very little risk to the patient unlike, bypass surgery for example. Results: Florida Hospital Flagler scored 6.6% and Florida Hospital Memorial at 5.5% only 2% higher than the national average of 5.3%, while the state scored 6.4% and the outlier in this data point is Flagler Hospital at 9.3%. Negative outlier: Flagler Hospital is performing far more cardiac imaging scans at 9.3% than necessary and is higher than the lowest reporting percentage by 4%. This procedure places the patient(s) at greater risk, introducing contrast and intentionally stressing the heart muscle in order to locate any problems (Einstein, 2014, p.1). Potential causes for the problem: Not looking into other means of diagnosing, not following the cardiac imaging protocol or critical paths in place, staff members are not held accountable to improve patient safety, enhance efficiencies through standardizations. Lack of physician, floor managers, and charge nurse in-services to make sure staff is following protocol guidelines. Process improvement suggestions to improve the results: Ensure cardiac imaging protocols are in place as well as critical paths, assure all staff personal having direct contact with patients are held accountable, schedule monthly in-service’s, and assign physicians case managers to coordinate and facilitate care with all their patients in order to help facilitate use of technology better and with less risk. References D’Eugenio, R. (2012). Key factors linked to lower death rates among patients with heart attacks. (1). Retrieved from http://medicine.yale.edu/news/article.aspx?id=944 Einstein, A. J. (2014). Radiation from cardiac imaging tests. Questions you should ask. (1). Retrieved from http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/127/11/e495.full Meyer, J. A., Silow-Carroll, S., Kutyla, T., Stepnick, L. S., Rybowski, L. S. (2004). HOSPITAL QUALITY: INGREDIENTS FOR SUCCESS—OVERVIEW AND LESSONS LEARNED. Retrieved from http://www.commonwealthfund.org/programs/quality/761_Meyer_hospital_quality_overview.pdf Parr, J. T. (2014). Overuse of CT scans adds to cost. Fort Bend Indiana.(1). Retrieved from http://fbindependent.com/overuse-of-ct-scans-adds-to-cost-p2851-89.htm